Application and development of systems biology in computer-aided drug design / 中国中药杂志

With the advances in medicine, people have deeply understood the complex pathogenesis of diseases. Revealing the mechanism of action and therapeutic effect of drugs from an overall perspective has become the top priority of drug design. However, the traditional drug design methods cannot meet the current needs. In recent years, with the rapid development of systems biology, a variety of new technologies including metabolomics, genomics, and proteomics have been used in drug research and development. As a bridge between traditional pharmaceutical theory and modern science, computer-aided drug design(CADD) can shorten the drug development cycle and improve the success rate of drug design. The application of systems biology and CADD provides a methodological basis and direction for revealing the mechanism and action of drugs from an overall perspective. This paper introduces the research and application of systems biology in CADD from different perspectives and proposes the development direction, providing reference for promoting the application.

Quality in balance sensitivity through martial arts applied to children / Qualidade na sensibilidade do equilíbrio pelas artes marciais aplicadas às crianças / Calidad en la sensibilidad del equilibrio a través de las artes marciales aplicadas a los niños

ABSTRACT Introduction: Martial arts training focuses on science, methodology, and practice. Martial arts are a symbol of physical fitness. The academic analysis of the influence of martial arts training on children's physical health is of great importance for promoting traditional Chinese culture. It can enrich sports intervention programs to improve children's physical health. Objective: Analyze the effect of sensory quality training on martial arts balance training in children. Methods: Children aged 8 to 12 years were selected as research subjects. After repeated deliberations, a children's martial arts set was designed and implemented. The pilot project analyzes the importance of sensory quality in the essential stage of children's martial arts training. Results: After the experiment, there was a significant difference in balance quality in the experimental group (p<0.01). After the experiment, the difference in balance sense between the experimental and control groups was significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: In the basic training phase of children's martial arts, coaches should require athletes to master basic martial arts skills more comprehensively. All movement combinations in martial arts require comprehensive physical fitness and balance sensitivity, including speed, flexibility, and coordination. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento em artes marciais concentra-se na ciência, na metodologia e na prática. As artes marciais são um símbolo de aptidão física. A análise acadêmica da influência do treinamento de artes marciais na saúde física das crianças é de grande importância para a promoção da cultura tradicional chinesa e pode enriquecer os programas de intervenção esportiva para melhorar a saúde física infantil. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito do treinamento de qualidade sensitiva no treinamento de equilíbrio das artes marciais em crianças. Métodos: Selecionou-se crianças de 8 a 12 anos como objetos de pesquisa. Após repetidas deliberações, foi elaborado e implementado um conjunto de artes marciais infantis. O projeto piloto analisa a importância da qualidade sensitiva na etapa essencial do treinamento das artes marciais infantis. Resultados: Após o experimento, houve uma diferença significativa na qualidade do equilíbrio no grupo experimental (p<0,01). Após o experimento, a diferença no sentido de equilíbrio entre os grupos experimental e de controle foi significativa (p<0,01). Conclusão: Na fase de treinamento básico das artes marciais infantis, os treinadores devem exigir que os atletas dominem as habilidades básicas das artes marciais de forma mais abrangente. Todas as combinações de movimentos nas artes marciais exigem aptidão física e sensibilidade de equilíbrio abrangentes, incluindo velocidade, flexibilidade e coordenação. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento de las artes marciales se centra en la ciencia, la metodología y la práctica. Las artes marciales son un símbolo de la condición física. El análisis académico de la influencia del entrenamiento de artes marciales en la salud física de los niños es de gran importancia para la promoción de la cultura tradicional china y puede enriquecer los programas de intervención deportiva para mejorar la salud física de los niños. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto del entrenamiento de la calidad sensorial en el entrenamiento del equilibrio en artes marciales en niños. Métodos: Se seleccionaron niños de 8 a 12 años como sujetos de la investigación. Tras repetidas deliberaciones, se diseñó y puso en marcha un conjunto de artes marciales para niños. El proyecto piloto analiza la importancia de la calidad sensorial en la etapa esencial del entrenamiento de artes marciales de los niños. Resultados: Después del experimento, hubo una diferencia significativa en la calidad del equilibrio en el grupo experimental (p<0,01). Tras el experimento, la diferencia en el sentido del equilibrio entre los grupos experimental y de control fue significativa (p<0,01). Conclusión: En la fase de formación básica de las artes marciales infantiles, los entrenadores deberían exigir a los deportistas un dominio más completo de las habilidades marciales básicas. Todas las combinaciones de movimientos en las artes marciales requieren una amplia aptitud física y sensibilidad al equilibrio, incluidas la velocidad, la flexibilidad y la coordinación. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The value of peripheral blood and pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB combined with pleural effusion adenosine deaminase in diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between peripheral blood and pleural effusion tuberculosis (TB) infection effector T cells, and to further evaluate the value of combined pleural effusion adenosine deaminase (ADA) for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Methods The test data of 80 cases of tuberculous pleurisy and 70 cases of nontuberculous pleurisy treated in the Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong City from January 2017 to December 2020 were analyzed. The TBinfected effector T cells were also detected simultaneously in the peripheral blood and the pleural effusion by the T-SPOT technique, and the pleural effusion ADA was detected by the rate method. The subject operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied to take the optimal pleural effusion ADA threshold to compare the sensitivity and specificity of different critical values. Person phase analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between peripheral blood and pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB. Data of peripheral blood, pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB and ADA were integrated. Results When pleural effusion ADA>45 U/L, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy were 50.0% and 94.3%, respectively; when ADA > 25.15 U/ L, the sensitivity and specificity were 80.0% and 72.9%. When ADA > 45 U / L, pleural/ blood T-SPOT.TB spot ratio (spot forming cells, SFCs) > 2 times, the specificity for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy was 100% (highest); when 25.15 U/L< pleural effusion ADA ≤ 45 U/L, pleural/blood T-SPOT.TB spot ratio > 2 times, the specificity for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy was 92.3% (second). When pleural effusion ADA ≤ 25.15 U/L, and the pleural effusion/blood T-SPOT.TB spot number ratio > 2 times, with 83.3% specificity (the lowest of the three groups). Conclusions The level of pleural effusion ADA is one of the most used methods for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy. Further combination of pleural effusion and blood T-SPOT.TB, if the ratio of pleural effusion / blood T-SPOT. TB spots is greater than 2 times, it can further improve the diagnosis rate of tuberculous pleurisy.

Implications of lysyl oxidase-like protein 3 expression in the periodontium of diabetic rats

Abstract Objectives Diabetes has been strongly associated with periodontal diseases. The periodontal ligament (PDL) has an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM). Lysyl oxidases (LOXs) are closely associated with various diseases caused by abnormal ECM functions, however, the role of LOXs in periodontal diseases induced by diabetes remains unclear. Methodology In this study, 8-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty rats were used to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model. After 9 and 16 weeks, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results After 9 weeks, loose collagen fibers were found in the interradicular area of the diabetic group, in opposition to the control group. There were no significant differences in LOX expression between the diabetic and control groups (p>0.05). However, after 16 weeks, the diabetic group presented a disordered arrangement of the PDL, showing decreased collagen content and significantly increased lysyl oxidase-like protein 3 (LOXL3) expression when compared with the control group (p<0.05). This suggests that LOXL3 plays a significant role in periodontal histopathological changes in diabetic rats. Conclusion Our study showed elevated LOXL3 expression in the PDL of diabetic rats after 16 weeks, suggesting that LOXL3 may be involved in the occurrence and development of periodontal histopathological changes in diabetic rats. LOXL3 could be further used as an indicator for the early diagnosis of diabetic periodontitis in T2DM patients in clinical settings.

Correlation between children and adolescents physical activity and socioeconomic status in China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the correlation between physical activity (PA) and socioeconomic status (SES) among Chinese children and adolescents, and to provide theoretical basis for physical activity promotion for Chinese children and adolescents.@*Methods@#By using stratified random cluster sampling, a total of 4 269 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 were selected from six cities in China from September to December 2018. Physical Activity Level Evaluation Questionnaire of Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 7 to 18 was used to investigate PA and SES, and the height and weight were measured.@*Methods@#In terms of different intensity of PA, the time spent on light intensity physical activity(LPA), moderate intensity physical activity(MPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA)and total physical activity(TPA) in low SES group was 28.5(6.9,57.1) min/d, 46.2 (25.7,79.2) min/d, 61.4(34.3,101.9) min/d and 102.9(65.0,145.8)min/d respectively, which was higher than that in middle SES groups [ 21.4 (4.3,50.7), 37.1(18.6,65.7), 50.3(27.1,86.8), 85.7(49.3,127.1) min/d] and high SES groups [24.3( 5.0 ,54.3), 40.0(21.4,69.1), 54.3(32.9,91.4), 89.6(55.7,132.9) min/d]( P <0.01). In terms of different types of PA, the traffic PA [40.0(15.0,68.6) min/d] and entertainment PA[4.3(0,17.1)min/d] accounted the highest proportion in low SES group,while sports PA [36.4(20.7,60.7) min/d] accounted the highest proportion in high SES group( P <0.01).The compliance rates of MVPA in low, middle and high SES groups were 51.1%, 42.5% and 45.2%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2= 22.02 , P <0.05). After controlling for confounding factors, the detection rate of MVPA in the low SES group was 1.24 times higher than that in the high SES group ( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The MVPA and TPA time of children and adolescents with middle SES group were the lowest. Physical activities spent on traffic and entertainment account highest in low SES group, while physical activities spent on sports account highest in high SES group.

Online learning related screen use and associated factors in school aged children in Shanghai during the COVID-19 epidemic / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the online learning related screen use duration and screen types in school aged children in Shanghai during the COVID-19 epidemic.@*Methods@#Random clustering sampling was used to select 5 591 parents of students from 8 primary and junior schools that are in the sampling pool of the national myopia survey in districts of Jiading, Pudong and Baoshan in Shanghai in April 2020. Electronic questionnaire was administered to parents regarding their child s online learning related screen use.@*Results@#On average, the median weekly duration of online learning related screen use was 13.33 hours, the curricular and extracurricular parts of which were 10(8.75，16.67) and 0(0，3.33) hours, respectively. About 29.44% of investigated school aged children only used small size screen for online learning. Children in higher grades, being myopic and parents neither being myopic were associated with reporting higher weekly duration( P <0.05); children in higher grades of primary school and parents neither being myopic were associated with a higher likelihood of using small size screen for online learning( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#At the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic, the burden associated with online learning related screen use was high in school aged children in Shanghai. Health education regarding online learning related screen use should be addressed in parents to guide their children to use screen appropriately.

Effects of sunlike spectrum LED illumination on retinal blood perfusion in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the effect of sunlike spectrum LED illumination on retinal blood flow perfusion, and to explore the the correlation between sunlike spectrum LED illumination and eye health indicators in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#A randomized control double blind trial was conducted. The ordinary LED table lamp in the control group(11) and the sunlike spectrum LED table lamp in the experimental group(12) had a fitting degree of 87% and 95% with the daylighting spectrum, respectively. Two sample independent t test and multivariable linear regression model were applied to compare the changes of retinal blood perfusion before and after the trial.@*Results@#After near reading for 1 hour, the retinal capillary density in the superficial and deep layers of the subjects in the ordinary LED illumination group decreased (superficial layer: -3.05±2.04 , P <0.01; deep layer: -4.03± 4.94, P =0.02), no significant decrease was found in the sunlike spectrum LED illumination group (superficial layer: -0.59± 1.44, P =0.18; deep layer: -0.49±4.27, P =0.70). Multivariable regression analysis found that compared with ordinary LED illumination, sunlike spectrum LED illumination could significantly alleviate the decrease in capillary density in the superficial and deep retinal layers, respectively ( β =2.83, 95% CI =1.54-4.12, P <0.01; β =4.21,95% CI =0.58-7.84, P =0.02).@*Conclusion@#Sunlike spectrum LED illumination can alleviate the decrease in retinal blood perfusion caused by near work among children and adolescents, suggesting that it may delay the onset and development of myopia. Prevention and control of myopia needs to pay attention to the spectral power distribution of artificial illumination.

Surgical approach selection and curative effect analysis of orbital cavernous hemangioma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the choice of surgical approach, therapeutic effect and complications of orbital cavernous hemangioma(OCH)in different positions of orbit.METHODS: The clinical data of 128 patients of 128 eyes with OCH whose were surgically removed and pathologically diagnosed in the department of ophthalmology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2016 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The position of OCH in the orbit was determined by preoperative imaging examination(CT/MRI), so as to select different surgical approaches and analyze the postoperative curative effect and the incidence of complications.RESULTS: The location of OCH in the orbit: 82 eyes in the muscle cone and 46 eyes outside the muscle cone. According to the quadrant of the orbit where the tumor was located, there were 24 eyes in the upper-outer quadrant, 38 eyes in the lower-outer quadrant, 28 eyes in the upper-inner quadrant, 12 eyes in the lower-inner quadrant, and 26 eyes the intraconal central space. The selection of surgical approach: 1)OCH in the muscle cone: conjunctival approach surgery in 53 eyes, lateral orbital approach surgery in 22 eyes, lateral combined medial conjunctiva orbital approach surgery in 5 eyes, skin approach surgery in 1 eye, transnasal approach under nasal endoscope surgery in 1 eye; 2)OCH outside the muscle cone: skin approach in 29 eyes, conjunctival approach in 12 eyes and lateral orbital approach in 5 eyes. Postoperative efficacy: except for 1 eye of postoperative tumor residue, the other 127 eyes were completely removed. Postoperative complications: 1)Ocular motility disorder: 16 eyes, including conjunctival approach surgery in 11 eyes, lateral orbital approach surgery in 4 eyes, lateral combined medial conjunctiva orbital approach surgery in 1 eye; 2)Visual acuity decreased in 9 eyes: conjunctival approach surgery in 3 eyes, lateral orbital approach surgery in 6 eyes; 3)Mydriasis occurred in 9 eyes, including 4 eyes via conjunctival approach surgery and 5 eyes via lateral orbital approach surgery; 4)Intraorbital hemorrhage occurred in 3 eyes: all occurred through conjunctival approach surgery; 5)Visual acuity was lost in 2 eyes, including conjunctival approach surgery in 1 eye and lateral orbital opening approach surgery in 1 eye; 6)There were 2 eyes of ptosis, including conjunctival approach surgery in 1 case and skin approach surgery in 1 eye; 7)Tumor residue occurred in 1 eye: multiple intraorbital tumors were treated by lateral orbital approach surgery.CONCLUSION: The accurate location of OCH combined with imaging examination and the selection of appropriate surgical approaches according to different locations can successfully remove the tumor and reduce the incidence of complications.

Correlation between nutritional status and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the correlation between different nutritional status and mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents, and provide reference for improving the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 16 545 adolescents (13-22 years old) were selected by random overall sampling method in six major administrative regions in China.The psychological part of the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) was used for mental sub-health test.Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze and compare the relationship between different nutritional status and mental sub-health.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status in the adolescents with normal BMI group was 18.5%, while those in the lean, overweight and obese groups were 22.3%, 38.7%, and 44.7%, respectively, which were significantly different from those in the normal BMI group(χ2=478.68，P<0.05).After adjusted for gender and age, the Logistic regression model showed that compared with those with normal BMI, those who were thin (OR=1.19, 95%CI=1.09-1.30), overweight (OR=2.76, 95%CI=2.47-3.09) and obese(OR=3.43, 95%CI=2.83-4.15) had increased risk of mental sub-health.@*Conclusion@#The nutritional status of Chinese adolescents in significantly related to mental sub-heatlh,hose who are underweight, overweight and obese have significantly higher risks of mental sub-health than those who are normal.Improvement of nutritional status of adolescents is beneficial to healthy adolescent development.

Correlation between physical fitness index and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between mental sub-health and physical fitness of Chinese adolescents, to provide a reference for promoting the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 16 545 adolescents (13-22 years) were selected by random cluster sampling in six major administrative regions in China. The psychological part of the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) and the physical fitness index test were used to assess mental sub-health and physical fitness, respectively. The chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze and compare the relationships between different levels of physical fitness and mental sub-health.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status among high-grade physical fitness index adolescents was 11.9%, and the detection rate among low-grade physical fitness index youths was 26.0%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=970.73，P<0.05). The overall detection rate among high-grade physical fitness index boys was 11.1%, and that of low-grade physical fitness index boys was 24.4%. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=566.12，P<0.05). The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status among high-level physical fitness index girls was 12.8%, and that among low-level physical fitness index girls was 27.6%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=412.25，P<0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, BMI, and region in the Logistic regression model, the detection rate of mental sub-health status of adolescents with low-grade physical fitness index was 2.35 times higher than that of high-grade physical fitness index adolescents(95%CI=2.12-2.61).@*Conclusion@#Adolescents with poor physical fitness have a higher risk of mental sub-health.Attention should be paid to adolescent physical fitness development to comprehensively improve physical and mental health development.

Study on the growth curve of uncorrected visual acuity of children and adolescents with relative safe refractive range / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the distribution of uncorrected visual acuity in children and adolescents aged 3-18 years with relative safe refractive range, and to develop the growth curve and reference range of uncorrected visual acuity in children and adolescents of different ages, so as to provide reference for formulating the referral threshold for myopia screening practice.@*Methods@#Using cluster sampling method, 9 146 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years old in Shanghai were selected for uncorrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, slit lamp and other ophthalmic examinations, and the percentiles and growth curve of uncorrected visual acuity of children and adolescents in the relative safe refractive range were fitted by LMS method. Besides, the area under the ROC curve and the sensitivity and specificity of different cut-off values were analyzed.@*Results@#The uncorrected visual acuity was skewed, with a median of 4.8. There were 4 675 individuals with safe refraction, the median of uncorrected visual acuity in which was 4.9. The LMS curve showed that the uncorrected visual acuity increased with age in the lower age group, and gradually stabilized to the best level at the age of 6-10. P 50 was 4.8 in 3-4 years old, 4.9 in 5-8 years old, 5.0 in 9 years old and above. The area under ROC curve of uncorrected visual acuity predicting refractive abnormality increased with age, with the lowest value of 0.55(95%CI=0.50-0.61) at 3 years old and the highest value of 0.95 (95%CI=0.94-0.96) at 12-18 years old. The Youden index was the highest for P25 at 3-6 years old, and the highest for P 10 at 7 years old and above. With the increase of the cut off value, the sensitivity increased and the specificity decreased.@*Conclusion@#The uncorrected visual acuity increases gradually with age, and reaches the best level after 6-10 years old. The screening effect of uncorrected visual acuity predicting refractive abnormality increased with age. It is suggested that the referral threshold of children and adolescents with abnormal uncorrected visual acuity should be set according to their ages, and P 25-P 75 can be selected according to the screening purposes.

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided microwave ablation of hepatic malignancies: Feasibility, efficacy, safety, and follow-up

Context: Percutaneous image-guided thermal ablation has emerged as a valuable therapeutic approach for hepatic malignancies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown potential for great soft-tissue resolution and multiplanar capabilities in arbitrary imaging planes, which are also critical for treatment planning, targeting, and evaluation. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility, technical success, safety, and follow-up of hepatic malignancies treated with MRI-guided microwave ablation (MWA). Materials and Methods: MRI-guided MWA was performed in a closed-bore 1.5 T MR system. T1-weighted imaging was used as a monitoring tool during surgery. T2-weighted imaging was performed to obtain an adequate tumor margin, to calculate the tumor size. Multi-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed postprocedurally. Enhanced MRI was performed at 4 weeks, to assess the technical success, and every 3–6 months as a follow-up. Results: Twenty-six patients (38 lesions) were enrolled in the study. A primary efficacy rate of 100% was achieved, and no major complications were observed. Two patient cohorts were identified based on lesion size. Six lesions with incomplete circles on reconstructed DWI appeared immediately postprocedure, and persistent hyperintense signals developed into new lesions over the subsequent 6–12 months. Conclusion: MRI-guided ablation is feasible and effective for planning and evaluating MWA in hepatic malignancies. The available clinical data strongly support the advantages of the assessment of tumors through 3D imaging versus routine axial images

MiR-222 inhibition alleviates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-induced inflammatory acute lung injury by targeting Foxo3

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common acute and severe disease in clinical practice. Staphylococcal EnterotoxinB (SEB) is a superantigen that can cause inflammatory ALI. MiR-222 has been demonstrated to be upregulatedin SEB-induced inflammatory ALI, but its exact roles and functions remain ill-defined. In this study, SEBexposure led to inflammatory ALI and high expression of miR-222 in model mice and lung infiltratingmononuclear cells, but the inflammatory response and high expression of miR-222 were restored in miR-222-/-mice. Moreover, we investigated the roles of miR-222 in vitro and observed that the concentrations ofinflammatory cytokines and the expression of miR-222 were all elevated in SEB-activated splenocytes andmiR-222 inhibition reversed the effects. Foxo3 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-222. Interestingly, SEBexposure led to a decrease of Foxo3 expression, and Foxo3 knockdown partially reversed the promotion ofFoxo3 and the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines induced by miR-222 inhibitor in SEB-activated splenocytes. Our data indicated that miR-222 inhibition could alleviate SEB-induced inflammatory ALI by directlytargeting Foxo3, shedding light on the potential therapeutic of miR-222 for SEB-induced inflammation in thelung.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in detoxification systems of snake venom-induced toxicity

Snakebites remain a major life-threatening event worldwide. It is still difficult to make a positive identification of snake species by clinicians in both Western medicine and Chinese medicine. The main reason for this is a shortage of diagnostic biomarkers and lack of knowledge about pathways of venom-induced toxicity. In traditional Chinese medicine, snakebites are considered to be treated with wind, fire, and wind-fire toxin, but additional studies are required. Methods: Cases of snakebite seen at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were grouped as follows: fire toxin - including four cases of bites by Agkistrodon acutus and three bites by Trimeresurus stejnegeri - and wind-fire toxin - four cases of bites by vipers and three bites by cobras. Serum protein quantification was performed using LC-MS/MS. Differential abundance proteins (DAPs) were identified from comparison of snakebites of each snake species and healthy controls. The protein interaction network was constructed using STITCH database. Results: Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering of 474 unique proteins exhibited protein expression profiles of wind-fire toxins that are distinct from that of fire toxins. Ninety-three DAPs were identified in each snakebite subgroup as compared with healthy control, of which 38 proteins were found to have significantly different expression levels and 55 proteins displayed no expression in one subgroup, by subgroup comparison. GO analysis revealed that the DAPs participated in bicarbonate/oxygen transport and hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, and affected carbon-oxygen lyase activity and heme binding. Thirty DAPs directly or indirectly acted on hydrogen peroxide in the interaction network of proteins and drug compounds. The network was clustered into four groups: lipid metabolism and transport; IGF-mediated growth; oxygen transport; and innate immunity. Conclusions: Our results show that the pathways of snake venom-induced toxicity may form a protein network of antioxidant defense by regulating oxidative stress through interaction with hydrogen peroxide.(AU)

Assessment of plantar arch index and prevalence of flat feet in 3 226 school-age children in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To assess plantar arch index (AI) and prevalence of flat feet in school-age children (7-12 years old) in Shanghai and evaluate the relationship between flat feet with age, gender, weight status (BMI) and occurring sides, and to provide a reference for the prevention of flatfeet.@*Methods@#Three-dimensional foot measuring instruments were used to measure bilateral foot length, medial arch height, AI and arch height ratio (AHR) in school-age children in Shanghai. Statistical analysis of these foot parameters was performed.@*Results@#A total of 3 226 children between aged 7 and 12 in Shanghai were measured with AI of (0.27±0.05) and AHR of (3.02±1.89). Prevalence of flat feet in the group of 7 to 12 year old children was 56.1%. Prevalence of flatfeet decreased significantly with age: 72.6% at 7 years old and 37.9% at 12 years old. Boys had a significantly greater risk for flat feet than girls: the prevalence of flat feet was 62.9% for boys and 47.8% for girls (OR=1.81, 95%CI=1.57-2.10). This risk was independent of age but related to gender. The risk of flat feet in boys was always higher than that in girls at every age. For children aged 7-8, being overweight was not significantly related to the occurrence of flat feet. However, for children aged 9-12 who were overweight were more likely to have flat feet than those of normal weight. The OR increased with age: from 1.44 (95%CI=1.03-2.03) at 9 to 2.96 (95%CI=1.68-5.23) at 12. There was no difference on which side flat feet would occur (χ2=0.95，P=0.33).@*Conclusion@#This finding shows that prevalence of flat feet is influenced by age, gender and weight status. AI and prevalence of flat feet in children aged 7-12 decreases with age, and boys have significantly higher prevalence of flat feet than girls. Overweight children aged 9 or older have a higher risk of flat feet.

lncRNA HOTAIR promotes malignant biological behaviors of breast cancer SKBR3 cells through miR-519d-3p/CCND1 axis / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To explore the effect of lncRNA HOTAIR/miR-519d-3p/cyclin D1 (CCND1) axis on the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells and its underlying mechanism. Methods: A total of 50 pairs of breast cancer tissues and corresponding para-cancer tissues resected from breast cancer patients in the Department of Breast Surgery, the Third Hospital of Nanchang from March 2017 to February 2019 were collected for this study. The expression level of HOTAIR in breast cancer tissues and paired paracancer tissues was detected by qPCR, in addition, the expressions of HOTAIR and miR-519d-3p in normal breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cell lines were also detected. Breast cancer SKBR3 cells were divided into NC group (without any treatment), si-HOTAIR group, mir-519d-3p mimics group, miR-519d-3p mimic+pcHOTAIR group, miR-519d-3p mimic+pcCCND1 group, and si-HOTAIR+ pcCCND1 group. The proliferation ability of SKBR3 cells was detected by CCK-8. Invasion and migration of SKBR3 cells were detected by Transwell. The expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin and CCND1 in SKBR3 cells were detected by Western blotting. The targeting relationship between HOTAIR and miR-519d-3p, miR-519d-3p and CCND1 was detected by Dualluciferase reporter gene system. Results: HOTAIR was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, with the highest expression in SKBR3 cells. HOTAIR knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of SKBR3 cells, as well as increased the expression level of E-cadherin and decreased the expression levels of N-cadherin and Vimentin. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that HOTAIR targetedly down-regulated the expression of miR-519d-3p, and miR-519d-3p targetedly downregulated the expression of CCND1. Further studies showed that knockout of HOTAIR inhibited the EMT, proliferation, invasion and migration of SKBR3 cells through enhancing the inhibitory effect of miR-519d-3p on CCND1 expression (all P<0.05). Conclusion: HOTAIR knockdown inhibits proliferation and metastasis of SKBR3 cells by regulating the axis of miR-519d-3p/CCND1.

Roles of extra-cellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 signaling pathway in the development of spinal cord injury / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#In consideration of characteristics and functions, extra-cellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) signaling pathway could be a new target for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. Our study aimed to evaluate the roles of ERK5 signaling pathway in secondary damage of SCI.@*Methods@#We randomly divided 70 healthy Wistar rats into five groups: ten in the blank group, 15 in the sham surgery + BIX02188 (sham + B) group, 15 in the sham surgery + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; sham + D) group, 15 in the SCI + BIX02188 (SCI + B) group, and 15 in the SCI + DMSO (SCI + D) group. BIX02188 is a specific inhibitor of the ERK5 signaling pathway. SCI was induced by the application of vascular clips (with the force of 30 g) to the dura on T10 level, while rats in the sham surgery group underwent only T9-T11 laminectomy. BIX02188 or DMSO was intra-thecally injected at 1, 6, and 12 h after surgery or SCI. Spinal cord samples were taken for testing at 24 h after surgery or SCI.@*Results@#Expression of phosphorylated-ERK5 (p-ERK5) significantly increased after SCI. Application of BIX02188 indeed inhibited ERK5 signaling pathway and reduced the degree of spinal cord tissue injury, neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and apoptosis (measured by TdT-mediated 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nickend labeling, expression of Fas-ligand, BCL2-associated X [Bax], and B-cell lymphoma-2 [Bcl-2]). Double immunofluorescence revealed activation of ERK5 in neurons and microglia after SCI.@*Conclusion@#ERK5 signaling pathway was activated in spinal neurons and microglia, contributing to secondary injury of SCI. Moreover, inhibition of ERK5 signaling pathway could alleviate the degree of SCI, which might be related to its regulation of infiltration of inflammatory cells and release of inflammatory cytokines, expression of NF-κB and cell apoptosis.

Roles of extra-cellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 signaling pathway in the development of spinal cord injury / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#In consideration of characteristics and functions, extra-cellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) signaling pathway could be a new target for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. Our study aimed to evaluate the roles of ERK5 signaling pathway in secondary damage of SCI.@*METHODS@#We randomly divided 70 healthy Wistar rats into five groups: ten in the blank group, 15 in the sham surgery + BIX02188 (sham + B) group, 15 in the sham surgery + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; sham + D) group, 15 in the SCI + BIX02188 (SCI + B) group, and 15 in the SCI + DMSO (SCI + D) group. BIX02188 is a specific inhibitor of the ERK5 signaling pathway. SCI was induced by the application of vascular clips (with the force of 30 g) to the dura on T10 level, while rats in the sham surgery group underwent only T9-T11 laminectomy. BIX02188 or DMSO was intra-thecally injected at 1, 6, and 12 h after surgery or SCI. Spinal cord samples were taken for testing at 24 h after surgery or SCI.@*RESULTS@#Expression of phosphorylated-ERK5 (p-ERK5) significantly increased after SCI. Application of BIX02188 indeed inhibited ERK5 signaling pathway and reduced the degree of spinal cord tissue injury, neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and apoptosis (measured by TdT-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick-end labeling, expression of Fas-ligand, BCL2-associated X [Bax], and B-cell lymphoma-2 [Bcl-2]). Double immunofluorescence revealed activation of ERK5 in neurons and microglia after SCI.@*CONCLUSION@#ERK5 signaling pathway was activated in spinal neurons and microglia, contributing to secondary injury of SCI. Moreover, inhibition of ERK5 signaling pathway could alleviate the degree of SCI, which might be related to its regulation of infiltration of inflammatory cells and release of inflammatory cytokines, expression of NF-κB and cell apoptosis.

Multiple factors affect the regeneration of liver

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To study factors affecting the liver regeneration after hepatectomy METHODS With 3D reconstitution technology, liver regeneration ability of 117 patients was analysed, and relative factors were studied. RESULTS There was no statistically difference between the volume of simulated liver resection and the actual liver resection. All livers had different degrees of regeneration after surgery. Age, gender and blood indicators had no impact on liver regeneration, while surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, blood flow blocking time and different ways of liver resection had a significant impact on liver regeneration; In addition, the patients' own pathological status, including, hepatitis and liver fibrosis all had a significant impact on liver regeneration. CONCLUSION 3D reconstitution model is a good model to calculate liver volume. Age, gender, blood indicators and biochemistry indicators have no impact on liver regeneration, but surgery indicators and patients' own pathological status have influence on liver regeneration.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estudar os fatores que afetam a regeneração hepática após hepatectomia. MÉTODOS A capacidade de regeneração hepática de 117 pacientes foi analisada com a tecnologia de reconstituição 3D e foram estudados os fatores relacionados. RESULTADOS Não houve diferença estatística significante entre o volume de ressecção hepática simulada e a ressecção atual. Todos os fígados apresentaram diferentes graus de regeneração após cirurgia. Idade, gênero e indicadores sanguíneos não tiveram impacto na regeneração hepática, enquanto que tempo de cirurgia, perda sanguínea intraoperatória, tempo de bloqueio do fluxo sanguíneo e diferentes formas de ressecção mostraram impacto significante na regeneração do órgão. Além disso, condições patológicas dos pacientes, incluindo hepatite e fibrose hepática, tiveram impacto significante na regeneração hepática. CONCLUSÃO O modelo de reconstituição 3D é um bom modelo para calcular o volume do fígado. Idade, gênero, indicadores sanguíneos e bioquímicos não tiveram impacto na regeneração hepática, mas indicadores operatórios e condição patológica dos pacientes mostraram influência na regeneração do órgão.

Arthroscopic medial retinaculum plication in treatment of traumatic patellar instability / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To explore the short-term results of arthroscopic medial retinaculum placation (MRP) and lateral retinaculum release (LRR) in treatment of patients with traumatic patellar dislocation. Methods 17 cases (6 male, 11 female) with traumatic patellar instability from March 2012 to December 2015, with an average age of 16.8 years old (range from 14 to 37 years old). All of the patients had a clear history of trauma and experienced patellar dislocation for the first time, the patients experienced patellar dislocation 1 to 4 times preoperatively. The arthroscopic examination was undertaken before the repairing to observe the injured site of the medial retinaculum and the patellar track, as well as the dynamic patellofemoral congruence. All patients underwent arthroscopic MRP and LRR minimally invasive procedure. Results All patients were followed up for 9 to 28 months averaging (19.7 ± 1.3) months. The fear test was negative after operation. There was no redislocation during follow-up and their ranges of motion returned to normal. Postoperative CT images showed 15 cases regained normal anatomical relation of patellofemoral joint. 2 cases had mild semi-dislocation. Lysholm's score averaging (51.8 ± 4.5) points preoperatively and (92.4 ± 2.8) points postoperatively. According to Insall scale, the results were excellent in 11 knees, good in 5 knees, and fair in 1 knee at 1 year after operation with an excellent and good rate of 94.1％. Conclusions Arthroscopic MRP and LRR showed satisfactory results with limited morbidity in the short-term follow-up. This method can make the patients smaller wound,quicker recovered and lower recurrence rate.